Suppressor Information Understanding Tax Stamps, Trusts, and ATF Regulations

Introduction to Suppressors

Suppressors, also known as silencers, are devices attached to the barrel of a firearm to reduce noise and muzzle flash. They are regulated under the National Firearms Act (NFA) and require compliance with specific federal and state laws.

At Appalachian Armory, we understand that navigating the suppressor purchase process can seem complex. This comprehensive guide will help you understand everything you need to know about purchasing suppressors, including tax stamps, trusts, and ATF regulations.

Suppressor Services

Recent Legislative Changes

Important Update: On July 4, 2025, the "One Big Beautiful Bill" (H.R. 1) was signed into law, which will eliminate the $200 tax stamp requirement for suppressors, short-barreled rifles (SBRs), short-barreled shotguns (SBSs), and Any Other Weapons (AOWs). This change takes effect on January 1, 2026.

Until January 1, 2026, the $200 tax stamp remains mandatory for these items. It's important to note that machine guns and destructive devices are excluded from this provision and will still require the $200 tax stamp.

What This Means: While the tax stamp fee is being eliminated, the core NFA framework remains intact. Purchasers must still register suppressors with the ATF, undergo background checks, submit fingerprints and photographs, and comply with all applicable federal and state regulations.

Understanding Tax Stamps

Historically, purchasing a suppressor required a $200 tax stamp as part of the NFA process. This fee was established in 1934 and has remained unchanged for over 90 years. The tax stamp serves as proof that the tax has been paid and the item is properly registered with the ATF.

Current Tax Stamp Requirements (Until January 1, 2026)

  • Payment Method: Check or money order payable to the ATF
  • When Paid: Submitted with Form 4 application

After January 1, 2026

While the $200 tax stamp fee will be eliminated for suppressors, SBRs, SBSs, and AOWs, all other NFA requirements remain in place. You will still need to:

  • Complete and submit ATF Form 4
  • Undergo background checks
  • Submit fingerprints and photographs
  • Wait for ATF approval before taking possession
  • Comply with all state and local laws

The Benefits of Using a Gun Trust

An NFA Gun Trust is a legal entity that allows multiple individuals (trustees) to legally own, possess, and use suppressors and other NFA items. Trusts offer several significant advantages over individual ownership:

Shared Access

One of the primary benefits of a gun trust is that multiple trustees can legally possess and use the suppressor without the primary owner being present. This is particularly beneficial for:

  • Family members who want to share access
  • Hunting partners or shooting buddies
  • Anyone who wants flexibility in who can use the suppressor

Important: Without a trust, only the individual owner can legally possess the suppressor. If someone else uses it without the owner present, they could face serious legal consequences.

Estate Planning

A trust can significantly simplify the transfer of suppressors to heirs:

  • Avoids probate court proceedings
  • Allows for smooth transfer to beneficiaries
  • Can potentially avoid additional transfer taxes
  • Ensures legal compliance during inheritance

Without a trust, transferring a suppressor to an heir requires going through the full NFA transfer process again, including new forms, background checks, and potentially another tax stamp (until 2026).

Privacy and Flexibility

Trusts offer additional benefits:

  • Privacy: The suppressor is registered to the trust rather than an individual, providing an additional layer of privacy
  • Flexibility: Trustees can be added or removed as needed, allowing for adaptable management
  • Protection: Can help protect assets in certain legal situations

Trust Requirements

If you choose to use a trust, be aware that:

  • All responsible persons (trustees) must submit fingerprints and photographs
  • All responsible persons must pass background checks
  • The trust document must be properly drafted and executed
  • Any changes to trustees require notification to the ATF

Note: We can help you understand the trust process and connect you with legal resources if needed.

The Suppressor Purchase Process

Understanding the step-by-step process will help you navigate your suppressor purchase smoothly. Here's what to expect:

Step 1: Choose Your Suppressor

Select a suppressor that fits your needs, considering factors such as:

  • Caliber compatibility
  • Size and weight
  • Sound reduction capabilities
  • Durability and materials
  • Price and warranty

Important: Ensure suppressors are legal in your state. As of 2025, suppressors are legal for civilian ownership in 42 states, but state laws can vary significantly.

Step 2: Choose Your Ownership Method

Decide between individual ownership or establishing a trust:

  • Individual Ownership: Simpler process, but only you can legally possess the suppressor
  • Trust Ownership: More complex initially, but allows multiple trustees to use the suppressor

Consider your specific needs, family situation, and long-term plans when making this decision.

Step 3: Complete ATF Form 4

ATF Form 4 (Application for Tax Paid Transfer and Registration of Firearm) is required for transferring NFA items. The form must include:

  • Personal information (or trust information if using a trust)
  • Suppressor details (manufacturer, model, serial number)
  • Dealer information
  • Certification and signature

We handle this for you: At Appalachian Armory, we complete all necessary paperwork in-house, ensuring accuracy and compliance.

Step 4: Submit Required Documentation

Along with Form 4, you must submit:

  • Fingerprints: Two completed fingerprint cards (FD-258)
  • Photographs: Two passport-style photos
  • Tax Stamp
  • Trust Document: If using a trust, a copy of the trust document

We do this in-house: We provide fingerprinting and photo services at our location, making the process convenient for you.

Step 5: Wait for ATF Approval

After submitting your application, the ATF will:

  • Process your background check
  • Review all submitted documentation
  • Verify compliance with all regulations

Processing Times: Approval times can vary significantly, typically ranging from several months to over a year. The suppressor must remain at the dealer (our shop) until approval is received.

Status Checks: You can check the status of your application by calling the ATF NFA Branch.

Step 6: Take Possession

Once approved:

  • You'll receive notification of approval
  • The approved Form 4 will be returned to the dealer
  • You can then take possession of your suppressor
  • Keep all documentation in a safe place

Important: Always carry a copy of your approved Form 4 when transporting the suppressor, as it serves as proof of legal ownership.

ATF Laws and Regulations

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) oversees the regulation of suppressors under the National Firearms Act. Understanding these regulations is crucial for legal compliance.

Key ATF Requirements

Registration

All suppressors must be registered with the ATF using the appropriate forms:

  • Form 4: For transfers (purchasing from a dealer)
  • Form 1: For manufacturing your own suppressor
  • Form 3: For dealer-to-dealer transfers

Background Checks

All purchasers must pass a background check, which includes:

  • FBI fingerprint check
  • Criminal history review
  • Mental health records check
  • Immigration status verification (if applicable)

State Laws

Suppressor ownership is subject to state regulations:

  • Federal law permits suppressor ownership
  • Some states have restrictions or prohibitions
  • Local laws may also apply
  • Always verify laws in your state before purchasing

Georgia Law: Suppressors are legal in Georgia for civilian ownership when properly registered with the ATF.

Prohibited Persons

You cannot purchase a suppressor if you:

  • Are a convicted felon
  • Have been convicted of domestic violence
  • Are an unlawful user of controlled substances
  • Have been adjudicated as mentally defective
  • Are subject to a restraining order
  • Are an illegal alien

Important Legal Reminders

  • Never transport a suppressor across state lines without proper ATF approval (Form 5320.20)
  • Always keep your approved Form 4 with the suppressor
  • Report lost or stolen suppressors to the ATF immediately
  • Do not modify a suppressor in ways that affect its registration
  • Only authorized persons (owner or trustees) can possess the suppressor

Individual vs. Trust Ownership: Which is Right for You?

Choosing between individual and trust ownership depends on your specific situation. Here's a comparison to help you decide:

Factor Individual Ownership Trust Ownership
Initial Setup Simpler - just personal information More complex - requires trust document and all trustees' information
Shared Access Only the owner can possess All trustees can possess and use
Estate Planning Requires new transfer process for heirs Simplified transfer to beneficiaries
Background Checks Only the owner All responsible persons (trustees)
Fingerprints/Photos Only the owner All responsible persons
Privacy Registered to individual Registered to trust
Flexibility Limited - only one owner High - can add/remove trustees

What Appalachian Armory Does for You

At Appalachian Armory, we make the suppressor purchase process as smooth and stress-free as possible. Our services include:

Complete Paperwork

We handle all ATF forms and documentation, ensuring accuracy and compliance with all regulations.

Fingerprinting Services

We provide fingerprinting services in-house, so you don't need to go elsewhere for this requirement.

Photo Services

We take the required passport-style photographs on-site, making the process convenient for you.

Expert Guidance

Our knowledgeable staff will guide you through every step of the process and answer all your questions.

Compliance Assurance

We ensure all documentation meets ATF requirements and is submitted correctly to avoid delays.

Secure Storage

We securely store your suppressor at our facility until ATF approval is received.

Common Questions About Suppressors

Q: How long does the approval process take?

A: Processing times vary but typically range from 6-12 months, sometimes longer. The ATF processes applications in the order they are received. You can check the status of your application by calling the ATF NFA Branch.

Q: Can I use my suppressor on multiple firearms?

A: Yes, as long as the suppressor is rated for the caliber and the firearm is compatible. However, you must ensure the suppressor is properly rated for the caliber and pressure of each firearm you use it on.

Q: Do I need a separate tax stamp for each suppressor?

A: Yes, each suppressor requires its own tax stamp (until January 1, 2026) and Form 4 application. However, you can submit multiple applications at the same time.

Q: Can I take my suppressor to another state?

A: Yes, but you must first obtain approval from the ATF using Form 5320.20 (Application to Transport Interstate or to Temporarily Export Certain National Firearms Act Firearms). This form must be submitted in advance and approved before transporting.

Q: What happens if my application is denied?

A: If your application is denied, the tax stamp fee (if paid) is typically can be refundable.

Q: Can I build my own suppressor?

A: Yes, but you must first obtain approval using ATF Form 1 (Application to Make and Register a Firearm) and pay the tax stamp (until January 1, 2026) before beginning construction. Building a suppressor without proper approval is a serious federal crime.

Ready to Get Started?

We're here to help you through every step of the suppressor purchase process. Whether you're interested in individual ownership or setting up a trust, our experienced team will ensure everything is done correctly.

Disclaimer

This information is provided for educational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice. Laws and regulations regarding suppressors can change, and state laws vary. Always consult with qualified legal professionals and verify current ATF regulations before making any purchases or decisions regarding NFA items.

For official ATF information, visit: www.atf.gov/firearms